![]() ![]() Participants were mostly white in the Minneapolis and Washington Co field centers, both white and black in Forsyth Co, while only blacks were recruited in Jackson. In 1987–89, the ARIC study recruited 15,792 men and women aged 45–64 from 4 US communities (Forsyth Co, NC Jackson, MS Minneapolis suburbs, MN and Washington Co, MD) with the aim of identifying risk factors of atherosclerosis and incidence of CVD in the general population. With the general aim of providing current and valid information on the prognosis of SSS, we identified and validated SSS events, and evaluated whether incident SSS was associated with mortality and CVD events in two large community-based cohorts, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study and the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Most of these reports, however, did not directly compare outcomes in patients with SSS to individuals without this condition and, thus, the association of SSS occurrence with overall survival and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population, independent of other risk factors, remains unclear. Overall, these studies show that mortality in patients with SSS can be substantial and potentially explained by the presence of other comorbidities. The existing evidence on this issue is limited to clinical series and randomized trials of pacemaker implantation –. ĭespite being relatively frequent and a major indication for pacemaker implantation, the impact of SSS on the risk of other cardiovascular outcomes and mortality has received little attention. Recent estimates suggest that>75,000 new cases of SSS occur in the US every year and that this number will more than double by 2060. Typical symptoms of SSS include syncope, dizziness, palpitations, exertional dyspnea and easy fatigability from chronotropic incompetence, heart failure, or angina –. On the electrocardiogram (ECG), SSS usually manifests as sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest, or sinoatrial block, sometimes accompanied by supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (“tachy-brady” syndrome). Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) is a disorder characterized by symptomatic dysfunction of the sinoatrial node. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This study was additionally funded by grant R21 HL109611 from the NHLBI. A full list of principal CHS investigators and institutions can be found at. ![]() ![]() Additional support was provided by AG023629 from the National Institute on Aging (NIA). This Cardiovascular Health Study research was supported by contracts HHSN268201200036C, HHSN268200800007C, N01 HC55222, N01HC85079, N01HC85080, N01HC85081, N01HC85082, N01HC85083, N01HC85086, and grant HL080295 from the NHLBI, with additional contribution from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study and the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) can be accessed through the NHLBI BioLINCC repository ( ) or by contacting the respective Coordinating Centers (University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill for ARIC,, and University of Washington for CHS, ).įunding: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study is carried out as a collaborative study supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) contracts (HHSN268201100005C, HHSN268201100006C, HHSN268201100007C, HHSN268201100008C, HHSN268201100009C, HHSN268201100010C, HHSN268201100011C, and HHSN268201100012C). ![]() The consent signed by study participants does not allow the public release of their data. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: The authors confirm that, for approved reasons, some access restrictions apply to the data underlying the findings. Received: JAccepted: SeptemPublished: October 6, 2014Ĭopyright: © 2014 Alonso et al. PLoS ONE 9(10):Įditor: Carmine Pizzi, University of Bologna, Italy (2014) Association of Sick Sinus Syndrome with Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study and Cardiovascular Health Study. Citation: Alonso A, Jensen PN, Lopez FL, Chen LY, Psaty BM, Folsom AR, et al. ![]()
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